KONSTRUKSI GENDER DALAM AL-QURAN

Wahyu Fahrul Rizki

doi:10.24260/raheema.v8i1.1623

KONSTRUKSI GENDER DALAM AL-QURAN

Wahyu Fahrul Rizki

Abstract

Tulisan ini ingin mendiskusikan kembali tentang salah satu isu jender dalam Al-Quran yang tersusun rapi dalam ayat 4:34, terutama pada kata Dharaba. Kata ini kerap disalah pahami atau disalah gunakan secara serampangan tanpa kajian mendalam tentang bagaimana ia digunakan untuk pertama kalinya dalam konteks kesejarahan Islam dan serta berupaya menkontekstualisasikan di masa sekarang. Problem yang mendasar bahwa kajian terdahulu, secara literer, tidak lebih jauh selain memaknainya sebagai memukul yang diperuntukkan pada perempuan. Jika pun ingin mengkontekstualisasi hanya berputar pada standarisasi memukul dan melarangnya tanpa memalingkan makna lain. Hal ini, tentunya terkait dengan cara pandang atau metode yang mereka gunakan kerap tampak sepihak. Seorang perempuan nyaris sebagai objek yang dibicarakan dalam ayat ini tanpa disadari bahwa laki-laki juga ikut terlibat di dalamnya. Oleh karenanya, mempertimbangkan hal ini, dirasa perlu mereinterpretasi suatu pembacaan teks gaya baru yang sepadan melalui qira’ah mubadalah (resiprokal). Dengan demikian, maka asumsi dasar monograf ini bahwa kata Dharaba untuk pertama kali digunakan dalam tradisi Islam ialah bermakna pergi yang pada perkembangannya mengarah pada lembaga pengadilan setelah dua tahap lainnya tidak dapat ditempuh, yakni musyawarah dan introspeksi diri. Sehingga kemudian, makna dari kata ini tidakhanya diberlakukan kepada perempuan melainkan laki-laki yang keduanya diharapkan dapat menyelesaikan secara bersama.

Keywords

Gender dan Al-Quran

Full Text:

PDF

References

Al-Asqalani, Ibnu Hajar, Bulugh Al-Maram Min Adillat Al-Ahkam (Al-Azhar: Haramain)

Al-Zeera, Rabha Isa, Violence against Women in Qur’an 4:34: A Sacred Ordinance?, ed. by Elif Medeni Ednan Aslan, Marcia Hermansen (New York: Peter Lang, 2013)

Amal, Taufik Adnan, Rekonstruksi Sejarah Al-Quran (Jakarta: Alvabet, 2005)

Amin, Qasim, The Liberation of Women and The New Woman (Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2000)

Anwar, Etin, Gender and Self in Islam (London: Routledge, 2006)

Asad, Muhammad, The Message of The Quran (Gibraltar: Dar al-Andalus, 1980)

At-Tabari, Muhammad Ibn Jarir, Jami’ Al-Bayan ’an Ta’wil Ay Al-Qur’an, ed. by Mahmud Muhammad Syakir (Kairo: Maktbah Ibn Taimiyyah, 1969)

Chaudhry, Ayesha S, Source The, Religious Ethics, and No September, ‘I Wanted One Thing and God Wanted Another: The Dilemma of the Prophetic Example and the Qur’anic Injunction on Wife-Beating’, Blackwell Publishing:Journal of Religious Ethics, 39.3 (2011), 416–37

Devos, Siel, The Feminist Challenge of Qur’an Verse 4: 34: An Analysis of Progressive and Reformist Approaches and Their Impact in British Muslim Communities (Disertasi: University of London, 2015)

Fadl, Khaled Abou El, Speaking in God’s Name: Islamic Law, Authority, and Women (London: Oneworld Publications, 2001)

Ghafournia, Nafiseh, ‘Towards a New Interpretation of Quran 4 : 34’, Brill: Journal of Women of the Middle East and the Islamic World, 2017, 1–14

Ghanim, Muhammad Salman, ‘Min Haqa’iq Al-Quran’ (Beirut: Dar Al-Farabi, 2007)

Hamka, Tafsir Al-Azhar (Jakarta: Pembimbing Masa, 1966)

Hashem, Muhammad El-arabawy, ‘Wife Beating : Modern Readings of the Qur’an (4 : 34)’, Journal of Faculty of Languages, 3 (2012), 6–46

Hazleton, Lesley, After the Prophet: The Epic Story of the Shia-Sunni Split in Islam (New York: Knopf Doubleday, 2009)

John R. Bowen, A New Anthropology of Islam (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012)

Kalmbach, Masooda Bano and Hilary, Women and Gender: The Middle East and the Islamic World, ed. by Edited Masooda Bano and Hilary Kalmbach (Leiden: Brill, 2012)

Kellison, Shannon Dunn and Rosemary B., ‘At the Intersection of Scripture and Law : Qur’an 4:34 and Violence against Women’, Indiana University Press: Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion, 26.2 (2010), 11–36

Kodir, Faqihuddin Abdul, Qira’ah Mubaddalah: Tafsir Progresif Untuk Keadilan Gender Dalam Islam (Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD, 2019)

Mahmoud, Mohamed, ‘To Beat or Not to Beat : On the Exegetical Dilemmas over Qur an , 4 : 34’, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 126.4 (2006), 537–50

Marhumah, ‘A Critical Reading on Hadith: Islamic Feminist Approach in Reading Misogynistic Hadith’, Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, 21 (2016), 14–23

Marin, Manuela, ‘Disciplining Wives: A Historical Reading of Qur’ an 4 : 34’, Brill: Studia Islamica, 97, 2003, 5–40

Mernissi, Fatima, Women and Islam: An Historical and Theological Enquiry (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1991)

Mir-Hosseini, Ziba, Gender and Equality in Muslim Family Law, ed. by Christian Moe and Kari Vogt Lena Larsen, Ziba Mir-Hosseini (London: I.B.Tauris, 2013)

———, Men in Charge: Rethinking Authority in Muslim Legal Tradition, ed. by Mulki Al-Sharmani and Jana Rumminger Ziba Mir-Hosseini (London: Oneworld, 2015)

Muhammad, Afif, Agama Dan Konflik Sosial: Studi Pengalaman Indonesia (Bandung: Marja, 2013)

Mulia, Siti Musdah, Muslimah Reformis: Perempuan Pembaru Keagamaan (Bandung: Mizan, 2005)

Mustaqim, Abdul, Epistemologi Tafsir Kontemporer (Yogyakarta: LKiS, 2010)

Nurlaelawati, Euis, ‘Muslim Women in Indonesian Religious Courts: Reform, Strategies, and Pronouncement of Divorce’, Brill: Islamic Law and Society, 20.3 (2013), 242–71

Nuryatno, M Agus, ‘Examining Asghar Ali Engineer’s Qur’anic Interpretation of Women In Islam’, Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 45.2 (2017), 390–414

Rahman, Fazlur, Islam (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1979)

———, Islam and Modernity: Transformation of an Intellectual Tradition (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1982)

Saeed, Abdullah, Interpreting Quran: Towards a Contemporary Approach (New York: Routledge, 2005)

———, Reading The Qur’an in The Twenty-First Century: A Contextualist Approach (London: Routledge, 2014)

Shahrur, Muhammad, Al-Kitab Wa Al-Quran: Qira’ah Mu’ashirah (Damaskus: al-Ahali li an-Nasyr wa at-Tawzi, 1992)

———, The Qur’an, Morality and Critical Reason: The Essential Muhammad Shahrur (Leiden: Brill, 2009)

Shihab, M. Quraish, Tafsir Al-Mishbah: Pesan, Kesan Dan Keserasian Al-Quran (Jakarta: Lentera Hati, 2012)

Siddique, Kaukab, The Struggle of Muslim Women (USA: American Society for Education and Religion, 1983)

Sirry, Mun’im, Islam Revisionis: Kontestasi Agama Zaman Radikal (Yogyakarta: Suka Press, 2018)

Sodiqin, Ali, ‘Reformasi Al-Qur’an Dalam Hukum Perceraian : Kajian Antropologi Hukum Islam’, Al-Mazahib, 2.2 (2014), 259–84

Soroush, Abdolkarim, Reason, Freedom, & Democracy in Islam: Essential Writings of ’Abdolkarim Soroush, ed. by Mahmoud Sadri dan Ahmad Sadri (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000)

Syamsuddin, Sahiron, Hermeneutika Dan Pengembangan Ulumul Qur’an (Yogyakarta: Nawesea Press, 2017)

———, ‘Ma’na-Cum-Maghza Approach to the Qur’an: Interpretation of Q.5:51’, Atlantis: Education and Humanities Research, 137 (2017), 131–36

Taghian, Muhammad, ‘The Concept of Women-Beating in (Q. 4: 34): A Textual and Contextual Analysis’, Canadian Center of Science and Education: English Language and Literature Studies, 5 (2015), 119–29

Umar, Nasaruddin, Argumen Kesetaraan Jender: Perspektif Al-Quran (Jakarta: Paramadina, 2001)

Wadud, Amina, Qur’an and Woman: Rereading the Sacred Text from a Woman’s Perspective (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999)

Zaid, Nasr Hamid Abu, Al-Nas, Al-Sultah, Al-Haqiqah (Beirut: al-Markaz ats-Tsaqafi al-Arabi, 1996)

———, ‘Dawair Al-Khauf: Qiraah Fi Khitab Al-Mar’ah’ (Beirut: al-Markaz ats-Tsaqafi al-Arabi, 2004)

———, Isykaliyat Al-Qira’at Wa Aliyyat at-Ta’wil (Beirut: al-Markaz ats-Tsaqafi al-Arabi, 1994)

———, Mafhum An-Nas: Dirasah Fi ’Ulum Al-Qur’an (Beirut: al-Markaz ats-Tsaqafi al-Arabi, 1994)

———, Mafhum An-Nash Dirasah Fi Ulum AL-Quran (Beirut: Muassasah Al-Risalah, 1994)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24260/raheema.v8i1.1623

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 882 times
PDF - 440 times

Refbacks

There are currently no refbacks.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.