KRITERIA VISIBILITAS HILAL DALAM PENETAPAN AWAL BULAN KAMARIAH DI INDONESIA

Autor(s): Suhardiman Suhardiman
DOI: 10.24260/khatulistiwa.v3i2.214

Abstract

To determine the start of lunar months, there are several methods that serve as the basis, among others by using the methods of hisab (calculation) and rukyat (new moon sighting). Actually, both hisab and rukyat have the same goal, namely hilal. Therefore, the two methods do not need to be disputed any more. In fact they complement each other. Calculation of the correct and accurate reckoning will certainly be proven by rukyat anyway. However, the problem remain for Muslims today is the critera imkan ar-rukyat (visibility of the new moon) used. If these problems can be overcome, then it is certain that Muslims are no longer stuck with the difference of opinions and views from many quarters about the determination of the beginning of the month, when the hilal is on a "critical" position. As for the criterion concerning the visibility of the new moon in Indonesia, which has been used by the Government and become standard in the determination of kamariah (Ramadhān, Syawāl and Dzulhijjah) is the height of hilal at 2 degrees, the Sun-Moon distance is a minimum of 3 degrees, or a minimum hilal period of 8 hours based on data collected by the Agency of Hisab and Rukyat of the Ministry of Religious Affairs from a variety of sources. This is an implementation of the legitimate law (the Qur'an and the Hadith) that serves as the basis in determining the beginning of the month. In addition, the validity of rukyat is first tested with astronomical data which are discussed in the next session of the forum and later in Isbat decided by the Government and becomes an alternative solution to the differences of opinion and views that may occur. The Government through the Minister of Religious Affairs serves as the holder of authority (qadi) which has the legal authority to determine the beginning of the Islamic fasting and holy day in isbāt session held annually. Through Ditjen Bimas Islam, the Agency of Hisab and Rukyat (BHR) was established which is in charge of conducting the study, research and development of matters relating to the implementation of the hisab-rukyat and worship. Therefore, Muslims also need to support the realization of an Islamic calendar (Hijri calendar), which gives the certainty of dates, not only used for the purpose of worship, but can also be used as a civil calendar for everyday purposes, such as trade, business and other administrative activities.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Azhari, Susiknan, 2008 Ensiklopedi Hisab Rukyat, cet. II, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Azhari, Susiknan, 2007, Ilmu Falak Perjumpaan Khazanah Islam dan Sain Modern, Yogyakarta: Suara Muhamadiyah. Azhari, Susiknan, 2006, Karakteristik Hubungan NU dan Muhammadiyah dalam Menggunakan Hisab dan Rukyat, Jurnal Al-Jami’ah, Vol. 44 No.2 Tahun 2006M/1427H, Yogyakarta : UIN Sunan Kalijaga. Departemen Agama RI, 1991, Almanak Hisab Rukyat, Jakarta: Proyek Pembinaan Badan Peradilan Agama. Departemen Agama RI, 1998, Almanak Hisab Rukyat, cet II, Jakarta: Proyek Pembinaan Badan Peradilan Agama. Departemen Agama RI, 2000, Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahanya, Bandung: Diponegoro. Departemen Agama RI, 1995, Pedoman Perhitungan Awal Bulan Kamariah, cet II, Jakarta: Ditbinbapera. Djamaluddin, T., 2005, Menggagas Fiqih Astronomi, Telaah Hisab-Rukyat dan Pencarian Solusi Perbedaan Hari Raya, cet. I, Bandung: Kaki Langit. Djamaluddin, T., 2011, Astronomi Memberi Solusi Penyatuan Umat, Bandung: Lapan. Djamil. A, 2009, Ilmu falak Teori dan Aplikasi; Arah Kiblat, Awal Waktu Shalat dan Awal Tahun (Hisab Kontemporer), Jakarta, Amsah.

Hosen, Ibrahim, 1982, Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Penetapan Awal BulanRamadhan, Syawal, Dan Dzulhijjah, makalah seminar sehari tentangPenetapan Awal Ramadhan, Syawal, dan Dzulhijjah, Jakarta: Depag RI. Ichtijanto, dkk, 1981, Almanak Hisab Rukyat, Jakarta: Proyek Pembinaan Badan Peradilan Agama Islam. Ichtijanto, dkk, 1997, Sistem Kalender Islam dari Persfektif Astronomi, Kuala Lumpur Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Kemenag RI, 2010, Almanak Hisab Rukyat, Jakarta : Dirjen Bimas, Kemenag RI. Kemenag RI, 2011, Keputusan Menteri Agama RI 1 Ramadhan, Syawal dan Dzulhijjah 1381-1432 H / 1962 – 2011 M, Jakarta: Dirjen Bimas Islam, Urais dan Pembinaan Syari’ah, Kemenag RI Khazin, Muhyidin, 2008, Ilmu Falak dalam Teori dan Praktik, Yogyakarta: Buana Pustaka. Murtadho, Moh. 2008, Ilmu Falak Praktis, Malang: UIN Malang Press. Purwanto, 1992, Visibilitas Hilal Sebagai Acuan Penyusunan Kalender Islam, Bandung: ITB. Raharto, Moedji, 2003”Aspek Astronomi Dalam Sistem Kalender”, makalah disampaikan pada Seminar dan Workshop Nasional : Aspek Astronomi Dalam Kalender Bulan dan Matahari di Indonesia, pada tanggal 13 Oktober 2003, di Observatorium Bosscha Bandung. Royyani, 2011, Memadukan Konsep Hilal Dalam Tafsir al-Qur’an dan Astronomi Modern, Tesis, Semarang: Perpustakaan IAIN Walisongo. Ruskanda, Farid, 1996, 100 Masalah Hisab & Rukyat tela’ah Syari’ah, Sains dan Teknologi, cet I, Jakarta: Gema Insani Press. Saksono, Tono, 2007, Mengompromikan Hisab Rukyat, Jakarta: Amythas Publicita. Wensinck, AJ. 1965, Concordance et Indies la Tradition Musulmane, diterjemahkan oleh Muhammad Fu’ad ‘Abd al-Baqiy dengan Judul Al-Mu’jam al-Mufahras li Al-Fazh al-Hadits al-Nabawiy, cet. Leiden ; E.J. Brill. Widiana, Wahyu, 2005, Hisab Rukyat, Jembatan Menuju Pemersatu Umat, Yayasan as-Syakirin, Rajadatu Cineam Tasikmalaya. Zaghlul, Abu Hajar Muhammad As Sa'id Ibn Basuni, 1994, Mausu'ah Athraf Al Hadis An Nabawi Asy Syaraf, Beirut: Dar al Fikr.

balitbangdiklat.kemenag.go.id, 2012

rukyatulhilal.org/artikel/23-tahun-isbat-indonesia.html tdjamaluddin.wordpress.com/2010/08/02/

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.