Tariqa in Indonesia: Social Integration of Religious Adherents

Muhammad Torik, Muhammad Abdillah Asmara, Fenti Febriani

Abstract

This paper seeks to shed light on how tariqas [school or order of Sufism] play an important role in the socio-religious life of Indonesian society. Furthermore, this paper intends to explore research gaps from previous research by looking at how conflict and social integration among tariqas are in the reality of religious communities. In addition, this paper also aims to explain the causative and supporting factors originating from the tariqa structural institutions and the tariqa interests in social integration among the tariqa. Based on the collected data which were analyzed using a qualitative approach, this article found that the tariqas have become the main agent in maintaining social integration among the tariqa practitioners and minimizing the gaps of conflict between the existing tariqas. However, at the same time, a tariqa needs legitimacy from its followers so that it creates space for conflicts of interest among the tariqa practitioners, especially in the fields of economics, politics, as well as among their followers. This paper is based on research conducted using in-depth library research aimed to find out how conflict and social integration occur in society.

Keywords

Tariqa; Social integration; Religious Adherents

Full Text:

PDF

References

Ahmad, C. (2019). Dinamika Perkembangan tariqa Shattariyah Dan tariqa Naqsyabandiyah Di Minangkabau. Hadharah Jurnal Kesilaman Dan Peradaban.

Ahmad Syafi’i Mufid. (2006). Tangklukan, Abangan, dan tariqa Kebangkitan Agama di Jawa. In Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

Akhimuddin, Y. (2012). Naskah [Asal Khilaf Bilangan Taqwim]: Relasi Ulama-Umara di Minangkabau Abad ke-17 dalam Penetapan Awal Ramadan. Manuskripta.

Apri, I. Z. (2020). Trancendence And Acutualisation (Studi Fenomenologi Pelajar Pengamal tariqa Hizib Nahdlatul Wathan). Al-Hikmah : Jurnal Studi Islam.

Awaludin, M. (2016). Sejarah dan Perkembangan tariqa di Nusantara. El-Afkar: Jurnal Pemikiran Keislaman Dan Tafsir Hadis.

Azhari, A., Musthofa, M., & Wahidin, K. (2021). Sejarah dan Ajaran tariqa Syattariyyah di Keraton Keprabonan. Jurnal Sosial Sains. https://doi.org/10.36418/sosains.v1i5.100

Azra, A. (1995). Jaringan „Ulama Timur Tengah dan Kepulauan Nusantara Abad XVII dan XVIII. Mizan.

Azwar, W. (2018). The resistance of local wisdom towards radicalism: The study of the tariqa community of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities.

Azwar, W., & Muliono. (2022). A Study on Polarization of Political Behavior of tariqa Community in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Al-Jami’ah. https://doi.org/10.14421/AJIS.2022.602.315-346

Bachtiar, H. (2020). Dinamisasi Islam Berkemajuan. Arsip Publikasi Ilmiah Biro Administrasi Akademik.

Badaruddin, F., & Mahyuddin, M. K. (2021). Autoriti Sanad tariqa dan Peranannya dalam Ilmu Tasawuf. International Journal of Islamic Thought. https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.20.2021.208

Bhat, S. A. (2022). Dr. Annemarie Schimmel on Sheikh and Salik Relationship in Sufism: A Study. RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary. https://doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2022.v07.i04.004

Bruinessen, M. van. (1992). tariqa dan politik: Amalan untuk dunia atau akherat? https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/20537

Burhani, Y., Jinan, G. Y., Saepulloh, M. I., & Islam, R. C. (2020). Pendidikan Multikulturalisme Gus Dur. JAQFI: Jurnal Aqidah Dan Filsafat Islam.

Danner, V., & Lings, M. (1977). What is Sufism? Journal of the American Oriental Society. https://doi.org/10.2307/598674

Devy Habibi Muhammad. (2021). Pluralisme Dalam Perspektif Pemkiran Gus Dur dan Nurcholis Madjid. Falasifa.

Dhofier, Z. (1990). Traditional Islamic education in the Malay Archipelago: Its contribution to the integration of the Malay world. Indonesia Circle. School of Oriental & African Studies. Newsletter, 19(53), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/03062849008729746

Djuhan, M. W. (2020). MOTIVASI SOSIAL DALAM RITUS TARIQA. ASANKA: Journal of Social Science And Education. https://doi.org/10.21154/asanka.v1i1.1947

Dodi, L., & Abitolkha, A. M. (2022). FROM SUFISM TO RESOLUTION: EXAMINING THE SPIRITUAL TEACHINGS OF TARIQA SHIDDIQIYYAH AS THE THEOLOGY OF PEACE IN INDONESIA. Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies. https://doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v10i1.11260

Erina, M. D., Haliza, D. A. N., Nisa, I. F. C., Nasrum, A. J., & Darmalaksana, W. (2022). Sejarah dan Ajaran tariqa Shattariyah di Cirebon. Jurnal Riset Agama. https://doi.org/10.15575/jra.v2i1.15687

Fahri, M., & Zainuri, A. (2019). Moderasi {Beragama} di {Indonesia}. Intizar, 25(2), 95–100. https://doi.org/10.19109/intizar.v25i2.5640

Faslah, R. (2020). Islam, Adat, Dan tariqa Shattariyah Di Minangkabau. Al-Ittihad Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam.

Faslah, R., Syaikh Burhanuddin, S., Tengah, P., Pariaman, K., Khoirul Fata, A., & Sultan Amai Gorontalo, I. (2017). TARIQA DAN KERUKUNAN INTERN UMAT BERAGAMA: STUDI KERUKUNAN SYATTARIYAH DAN TIJANIYAH DI PONDOK BUNTET PESANTREN CIREBON. Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Hukum Islam, 6(2), 2020–2021. http://repository.radenfatah.ac.id/19446/

Fauzi, A. (2020). KONFLIK ARAB SUNNI DAN IRAN SYIAH KONTEMPORERCONTEMPORARY SUNNI ARABIC AND SYIAH ARABIC CONFLICT. Limaul Dakwah.

Febriyandi.YS, F. (2019). Agama, Ritual dan Konflik : Suatu Upaya Memahami Konflik Umat Beragama di Indonesia. Handep: Jurnal Sejarah Dan Budaya. https://doi.org/10.33652/handep.v2i2.41

Feriyanto, F. (2020). TARIQA DAN MODERASI BERAGAMA. Tatar Pasundan : Jurnal Diklat Keagamaan. https://doi.org/10.38075/tp.v14i2.104

Geertz, C. (1988). Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays by Clifford Geertz. Journal of Comparative Physiology B.

Hadi, A. (2022). Peran Tokoh Tasawuf dan tariqa Nusantara dalam Dakwah Moderat. Ad-DA’WAH.

Hajjāj, M. F. (2011). Tasawuf Islam dan Akhlak (K. A. I. dan F. Ghazali (ed.)). Amzah.

Hakim, B. A. (2010). Kasus Konflik Perebutan kepemimpinan tariqa Sammaniyah dan Naqsyabandiyah di Caringin Bogor. Jurnal Multikultural & Multireligius, Vol 9(No. 33).

Hamka, Z. (2018). Husain Al-Hallaj dan Ajarannya. Ash-Shahabah.

Hamkah, Z. (2020). TARIQA TIJANIYAH (Eksklusifisme dan Eksoterisme Gerakan tariqa Abad 19). Ash-Shahabah.

Hidayat Siregar, L. (2009). SEJARAH TARIQA DAN DINAMIKA SOSIAL. MIQOT.

Ida, R., & Dyson, L. (2015). Konflik Sunni-Syiah dan dampaknya terhadap komunikasi intra- religius pada komunitas di Sampang-Madura Sunni-Syia conflict and its effects to intra-religious community in. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan Dan Politik.

Jamil, M. (2005). tariqa dan Dinamika Sosial Politik Tafsir Sosial Sufi Nusantara. Pustaka Pelajar.

Kartanegara, M. (2006). Menyelami Lubuk Tasawuf. Penerbit Erlangga.

Kholiludin, T. (2018). WAJAH GANDA AGAMA: INTEGRASI, KONFLIK DAN REKONSILIASI. IQTISAD. https://doi.org/10.31942/iq.v4i1.1999

Latif, F. A., Meiji, N. H. P., & Rozakiyah, D. S. (2022). GENERASI MUDA ISLAM ABOGE MEMPERTAHANKAN AJARAN SERTA HUBUNGAN SOSIAL DI MASYARAKAT DESA LECES. Jurnal Sosiologi Nusantara. https://doi.org/10.33369/jsn.8.2.177-196

Masduki, M., Hartono, T., & Rosidi, I. (2017). Harmoni Lingkungan di Dunia tariqa Qadiriyah wa Naqsabandiyah Desa Lalang Tanjung, Riau. Al-Tahrir: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam. https://doi.org/10.21154/altahrir.v17i2.1062

Mawardi, K. (2022). NATIONALISM AND SPIRITUALISM OF JAVANESE TARIQA: STUDY OF TARIQA RINJANI IN BANYUMAS CENTRAL JAVA. Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies. https://doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v10i1.12509

Miftakhur Ridlo. (2020). Sejarah dan tipologi tariqa dalam pandangan tasawuf dan makrifat. Humanistika: Jurnal Keislaman.

Mulyati, S. (2011). Mengenal dan Memahami tariqa-tariqa Muktabarah di Indonesia. Kencana-Prenada Media.

Muzairi, M. (2018). Eksekusi Mati Javanese Al-Hallaj Dalam Suluk Jawa. Refleksi: Jurnal Filsafat Dan Pemikiran Islam. https://doi.org/10.14421/ref.2018.1802-03

Nasrullah, M. (2020). tariqa Syadziliyah dan Pengaruh Ideologi Aswaja di Indonesia. Jurnal Islam Nusantara.

Nasuhi, H. (2020). Tasawuf dan Gerakan tariqa di Indonesia Abad ke-19. Refleksi. https://doi.org/10.15408/ref.v2i1.14387

Ngabdurahman, N. (2016). PERJALANAN TARIQA DARI MASA KE MASA. Mozaic : Islam Nusantara. https://doi.org/10.47776/mozaic.v2i2.85

Perangin-angin, M. (2022). SHEIKH SALMAN DAIM AND THE TARIQA OF NAQSYABANDIYAH AL-KHOLIDIYAH JALALIYAH. Journal of Contemporary Islam and Muslim Societies. https://doi.org/10.30821/jcims.v6i2.6802

Pradesa, D. (2015). Konflik dan Resolusinya Antara Anshar dan Muhajirin dalam Peristiwa Saqifah Banu saidah. Jurnal Kajian Dan Pengembangan Manajemen Dakwah.

Priyono, P. (2016). PLURALISME AGAMA DAN KONFLIK. Analisa. https://doi.org/10.18784/analisa.v15i02.339

Rajab, H. (2018). Peran Sufisme tariqa Naqsyabandiyah Khalidiyah Terhadap Perkembangan Keagamaan Islam Melayu di Kota Pangkalpinang. Edugama: Jurnal Kependidikan Dan Sosial Keagamaan. https://doi.org/10.32923/edugama.v4i2.733

Randa, R., & Fatimah, S. (2019). Dinamika tariqa Syatariyah di Pariangan 1970-2000. Galanggang Sejarah.

Renard, J. (2004). Knowledge of God in Classical Sufism: Foundations of Islamic Mystical Theology. In The Classics of Western Spirituality.

Reynolds, G. S. (2016). Book Review: Islamic Theological Themes: A Primary Source Reader. Edited by John Renard. Theological Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040563916635112d

Rohimat, A. M. (2012). Etika Politik Dalam Naskah Tanbih (Wasiat Etika Politik dari Mursyid tariqa Qodiriyyah Naqsyabandiyah Suryalaya Terhadap Murid-muridnya). IN RIGHT: Jurnal Agama Dan Hak Azazi Manusia.

Rosyid, M. (2018). Potret Organisasi tariqa Indonesia dan Dinamikanya. RELIGIA. https://doi.org/10.28918/religia.v21i1.1507

Ruslan, R., Burga, M. A., & Noer, M. U. (2022). Theological belief towards Islamic spiritual belief: Evidence from South Sulawesi, Indonesia. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v78i4.8009

Setiyawati, E. (2017). tariqa Naqsabandiyah Dalam Ranah Politik Lokal. Demokrasi & Otonomi Daerah.

Shadiqin, S., Islam, A. H.-K. J. P., & 2020, undefined. (2020). Otoritas Spritual Di Era Syariat Jaringan Dan Kontestasi tariqa Dalam Masyarakat Aceh Kontemporer. Scholar.Archive.Org, 14(01), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.21154/kodifikasia.v14i1.1892

Siundiukov, N. K. (2021). The philosophy of sobornost as a prototype of ferdinand tönnies’ “sociological conservatism.” Voprosy Filosofii. https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-9-49-59

Sri Mulayati, et al. (2005). Mengenal dan Memahami tariqa-tariqa Muktabarah di Indonesia. Kencana.

Strasser, S. (2021). Multikulturalismus. In Lexikon der Globalisierung. https://doi.org/10.1515/transcript.9783839418222.270

Sujadmi, S. (2013). YANG MINORITAS : YANG TERTINDAS (ANALISIS KONFLIK AHMADIYAH VS “ISLAM”). Society, 1(1), 75–85. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v1i1.44

Suparyanto dan Rosad (2015. (2020). A Divine Love of Annemarie Schimmel; A Sufism Study of an Orientalist. Suparyanto Dan Rosad (2015.

Sutarto, D. (2018). Konflik Antara Agama dan Sains dalam Perspektif Filsafat Sosial. JURNAL TRIAS POLITIKA. https://doi.org/10.33373/jtp.v2i1.1236

Syakur, A. (2014). Mekanisme Pertahanan diri Kaum tariqa. ISLAMICA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman. https://doi.org/10.15642/islamica.2010.4.2.211-228

Syam, N. (2013). tariqa Petani: Fenomena tariqa Shattariyah Lokal. LkiS Yogyakarta.

Syarif, F. (2019). Religion in the Conflict Flows. ADDIN. https://doi.org/10.21043/addin.v13i2.6452

Taufiqur Rahman. (2019). Sejarah Perkembangan Tasawuf ‘Amali. Asy-Syari’ah : Jurnal Hukum Islam. https://doi.org/10.36835/assyariah.v5i1.114

Thohir, U. F. (2013). Pemikiran Mistisisme Annemarie Schimmel. ULUL ALBAB Jurnal Studi Islam. https://doi.org/10.18860/ua.v0i0.2376

Utoyo, M. (2016). Akar Masalah Konflik Agama di Indonesia. In Jurnal Lex Librum.

Verdoorn., J. A. (1940). FRAGMENTA ISLAMICA. The Muslim World. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.1940.tb00442.x

Wibisono, Y. (2021). Agama dan Resolusi Konflik. In LeKKaS.

YusliaStyawati. (2020). MENGENAL TARIQA DI DUNIA ISLAM. Jurnal Ilmiah Spiritualis: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam Dan Tasawuf. https://doi.org/10.53429/spiritualis.v5i1.61

Zainu, M. bin J. (2013). Ajaran Sufi dan tariqa Dalam Timbangan Al-Quran dan as-Sunnah ( terj. M. Ruliyandi (ed.)). Darul Haq.

Zainurofieq, Z. (2021). Gerakan Politik Kaum tariqa dalam Sejarah Indonesia. Jurnal Iman Dan Spiritualitas. https://doi.org/10.15575/jis.v1i4.15027

Article Metrics

Abstract views: 691 PDF views: 523